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William Shakespeare


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William Shakespeare


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Born: April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon- Avon, England

Died: April 23, 1616, in Stratford-upon- Avon, England

Although the English author William Shakespeare is recognized as the
greatest dramatist ever, relatively little is known about his life. Even his dates
of birth and death are only approximations.

He was the third of eight children born to John Shakespeare, a successful
merchant, and Mary Arden. It is thought that he was educated at the local
school in his village. Being the oldest son, he should have taken over his
father's business, but apparently, he became a butcher's apprentice and then
a schoolmaster. He married Anne Hathaway, a farmer's daughter, in 1852.

He moved to London after he was caught poaching deer. By 1592, he'd
become successful in the London theater and had the patronage of Henry
Wriothesley, third earl of Southampton.

During his lifetime, Shakespeare wrote or contributed to thirty-eight plays.
They were popular with the public, but not critically acclaimed until well after
his death. At the time, English drama was seen as a poor cousin to "more
European" drama. However, he was given audiences with Queen Elizabeth I
and King James I and he was financially wealthy.

His career is generally studied in four periods: the development of his style
and prose; the histories such as Richard II; the tragedies such as Macbeth;
and the tragic-comedies. His last few years were relatively unproductive and
he spend much time with his family in Stratford. He was buried in a
churchyard in Stratford.

Complete Works

Comedy


All’s Well that Ends Well (1602)

A comedy — the story of Helena and how she eventually wins the love of her husband, Bertram. This play is a retelling of a familiar legend, taken from Boccaccio’s Decameron.


As You Like It (1600)

A comedy which contrasts the corruption of the court and the innocence of the country.
The plot centers on Rosalind and her family.


Comedy of Errors (1594)

A comedy about twins with the same name, Antipholus. Separated in infancy by a shipwreck, they later search for one another, each with the aid of a slave named Dromio, also twins.


Cymbeline (1610)

A comedy — the story of Cymbeline, a mythical King of England and his family: Imogen his daughter, her husband Posthumus, and and her brothers.


Love’s Labour’s Lost (1594)

The comedy of Ferdinand, King of Navarre, and his three friends who pledge to study for three years and avoid women. Their plan changes when a French Princess arrives with three ladies.


Measure for Measure (1604)

A comedy in which Angelo is deputized to oversee the enforcement of Vienna’s long-ignored laws by Duke Vincentio — Vincentio claims to leave the city, but remains, disguised as a Friar.


Merry Wives of Windsor (1598)

A comedy in which Sir Falstaff attempts to seduce Mrs. Page and Mrs. Ford for their money. The ladies discover his plot and develop their own, while Falstaff’s cronies report his plan to Mr. Ford.


Merchant of Venice (1596)

A comedy in which Bassanio wishes to travel to see his love, Portia. The trip is financed by Antonio, Merchant of Venice, who borrows money from Shylock in exchange for a pound of flesh.


Midsummer Night’s Dream (1596)

One wedding turns into three — a light-hearted comedy about love and fairies that may be the most purely romantic of all of Shakespeare’s comedies.


Much Ado About Nothing (1598)

A comedy which focuses on two plots: One is the love affair between the reluctant Beatrice and the confirmed bachelor Benedick, and the other is the courtship between Hero and Claudio.


Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608)

A drama in which Pericles believes his wife and daughter have died. They are later reunited. This play was written in collaboration with another writer, possibly George Wilkins.


Taming of the Shrew (1593)

A comedy in which the “shrew,” Katherina must marry before her young, desirable sister, Bianca. Petruchio weds Katherina, “tames” her, and clears the way for Bianca’s marriage to Lucentio.


The Tempest (1611)

Shakespeare’s last play is a romantic fantasy about a magician who rules over an enchanted island with his daughter. Considered his most beautiful work, it is a rare reflection of his views on life.


Troilus and Cressida (1602)

A tragedy which depicts Troilus, a Trojan Prince, and his discovery that his beloved Cressida is being unfaithful.


Twelfth Night (1600)

A comedy in which Sebastian and his twin sister Viola are shipwrecked and each believes the other dead.


The Two Gentlemen of Verona (1594)

An early Shakespearean comedy which depicts the friendship between Valentine and Proteus which later turns into a rivalry over a woman.


Winter’s Tale (1611)

A comedy — Polixenes, King of Bohemia, visits Sicily at the invitation of his friend, King Leontes, who becomes unduly jealous when his wife urges Polixenes to extend his stay.

History


The First Part of King Henry IV (1597-1598)

A history depicting the early years of the reign of England’s King Henry IV, in which the king’s son, Prince Hal, saves Henry’s life.


The Second Part of King Henry IV (1597-1598)

A history completing the depiction of the reign of Henry IV, in which Prince Hal becomes Henry V.


Henry V, The Life of King (1599)

The history of the life of Henry V after his coronation and his pursuit of the French throne. The early days of Henry’s life are depicted in the two parts of Henry IV.


The First Part of King Henry VI (1591-1592)

The first part of a historical trilogy depicting the early years of the reign of Henry VI, up to the time of his marriage to Margaret of Anjou.


The Second Part of King Henry VI (1590-1591)

The second part of a trilogy beginning after Henry’s marriage to Margaret of Anjou, at the beginning of the War of the Roses in which Henry is dominated by the queen.


The Third Part of King Henry VI (1590-1591)

The third part of a historical trilogy, it describes the downfall of Henry VI and the rise of Edward IV.


Henry VIII, The Famous History of the Life of King (1613)

The history of of Henry VIII’s love for Anne Bullen, and his efforts to divorce his wife Katharine.


King John, The Life and Death of (1595)

A history depicting King John’s efforts to fend off Arthur, the Duke of Brittany, who is pursuing John’s throne.


King Richard II (1595)

A historical tragedy in which King Richard II orders Henry Bolingbroke out of England. Henry later invades England, arrests Richard, and becomes King Henry IV.


King Richard III (1593)

A historical tragedy — the villainous Richard, the duke of Gloucester, schemes to inherit the crown, ruthlessly eliminating anyone who hinders his progress.

Tragedy


Antony and Cleopatra (1607)

The renowned tragedy of the love affair of Marc Antony and Cleopatra.


Coriolanus (1608)

The tragedy of Coriolanus, a Roman patrician, who is persuaded to seek election to the consulship and then driven from the city.


Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (1601)

Shakespeare’s most famous tragedy — the story of Hamlet’s revenge for the murder of his father, the king. Much of the play’s renown rests on the thoughtful nature of its title character.


Julius Caesar (1599)

A tragedy that tells of Caesar’s murder at the hands of a group of conspirators led by Brutus and Cassius. Marc Antony delivers a rousing oration at Caesar’s funeral and drives the assassins out of Rome.


King Lear (1605)

A tragedy in which King Lear decides to divide his kingdom among his daughters according to their declarations of love for him. King Lear is a noble study of the human spirit.


Macbeth (1606)

A tragedy — the story of Macbeth and the violent nature of his royal ambitions. This play, rich in the supernatural, is Shakespeare’s shortest and contains many of his most famous scenes.

Othello - The Moor of Venice (1604)

The tragedy of Othello, a Moorish general who has chosen Cassio as his lieutenant. His ensign, Iago, feels slighted and plots his revenge against Cassio and Othello.

Romeo and Juliet (1595)

A romantic tragedy. One of Shakespeare’s most popular works — the story of the passionate love affair between Romeo and Juliet whose families, the Montagues and Capulets, are feuding.

Timon of Athens (1607)

A tragedy in which Timon loses his wealth and finds that he has lost his friends as well.
He leaves Athens to live in a cave where he finds a treasure and meets the banished general, Alcibiades.

Titus Andronicus (1594)

A tragedy in which Titus returns to Rome from a war with the Goths, having taken their Queen, Tamora and her three sons as prisoners. Titus kills one of Tamora’s sons which leads to more killing.

Poetry


Sonnets (1598-1609)

A loosely related series of one hundred fifty-four Sonnets. The first part of the collection is addressed to a young friend; the last part is addressed to a mysterious “dark lady.”


A Lover's Complaint

A beautiful poem in rhyme-royal in which a young woman is overheard lamenting her betrayal by a heartless seducer.


The Rape of Lucrece


Venus and Adonis


Funeral Elegy by W.S.